This Resource Analysis project indicates nationally there is a significant gap in resources needed by states for managing water quality programs. At the highest level of aggregation, this resource gap indicates that state agencies are receiving less than one-half of the resources that they need to fully implement the requirements of the federal Clean Water Act. That State agencies do not receive nearly enough resources to implement water quality programs is not news to State program managers; however, the magnitude of the current resource need gap (about $800 million) is significantly larger than previously estimated in other national reports.